Q: не звучит ли ‘jan li toki Inli’ как-то странно?
You may have noticed sentences like:
jan li toki Inli.
The person speaks English.
jan li musi Manka.
The person plays Minecraft.
But in English, these sentences are Subject-Verb-Object. ‘English’ and ‘Minecraft’ would be the object of the sentence. But there’s no object in Toki Pona — you can tell that, because there’s no e. How does it work, then?
Well, the translation is a bit misleading. Here’s what it means more literally:
jan li toki Inli.
The person speaks English-ly.
jan li musi Manka.
The person plays Minecraft-ly.
We’ve already talked about how adjectives and adverbs are the same thing in Toki Pona, and names are adjectives. So logically, they can be adverbs, too! It’s grammatically similar to sentences like:
jan li toki suwi.
The person speaks adorably.
jan li musi pona.
The person plays well.
Are there alternatives?
Yes! In fact, this style with names as adverbs is relatively recent in popularity. The older style looks like this:
jan li toki lon toki Inli.
The person speaks in English.
jan li toki kepeken toki Inli.
The person speaks by means of English.
jan li musi lon musi Manka.
The person has fun in Minecraft.
jan li musi kepeken musi Manka.
The person has fun by means of Minecraft.
Can I say ‘toki e toki …’ or ‘musi e musi …’?
This was relatively common in the past! But nowadays, the meaning might be understood a bit different from what you want:
jan li toki e toki Inli.
The person speaks about English.
(makes sense, but in a different situation)
jan li musi e musi Manka.
The person entertains Minecraft. (???)